Related Topics:
Many Watts Commonly Used-
How many watts per cubic meter of solar cells
Typically, the output is 300 watts, but this may vary, so make sure to double-check! If the area occupied is smaller than your roof area, the system should fit just right!.
FAQs about How many watts per cubic meter of solar cells
How many Watts Does a solar panel produce per square foot?
Dividing the specified wattage by the square footage of the solar panel will give us just this result: The average solar panel output per area is 17.25 watts per square foot. Let's say that you have 500 square feet of roof available for solar panel installation.
How many kW is a 20 watt solar panel?
Usually, it is 1.2 to 1.5 which is multiplied by the desired output. For example with a 20% buffer, the required solar panel output with Buffer (Watts) = 6 kW×1.20 = 7.2 kW Nevertheless, when you are choosing solar panels make sure their power ratings equal or surpass the required output to meet your energy needs and preferences.
How many Watts Does a 60 cell solar panel produce?
For example, 60-cell solar panels measure 99 x 167.6 cm and produce 270 to 300 watts, while 72-cell solar panels have an average output ranging between 350 and 400 watts due to the extra row of cells. Half cut cell panels appeared and these half-cell panels have been cut in half.
What determines a solar panel wattage?
The quantity of DC (direct current) power each solar panel can generate under typical test conditions determines its rating, including the wattage of solar panels. The power generated by a solar panel is measured in watts (W), which correspond to the panel's optimum sunshine and temperature conditions.
How many kW does a solar panel need?
Required solar panel output = 30 kWh / 5 hours = 6 kW. Step- 4 Consider Climate Changes: To account for efficiency losses and weather conditions, add a buffer to your solar panel output requirements. Usually, it is 1.2 to 1.5 which is multiplied by the desired output.
How do you calculate solar panel wattage?
Divide the average daily wattage usage by the average sunlight hours to measure solar panel wattage. Moreover, panel output efficiency directly impacts watts and the system's overall capacity. Nevertheless, energy usage, sunshine exposure, system capacity, panel types and materials all have an impact on the calculation.
-
How big is 95 watts of solar energy
Input your average monthly electricity bill or energy consumption, and the calculator provides an estimated system size in kilowatts (kW), expected solar production, and savings potential.
-
How many watts of solar power can be generated in 50 000 square meters
Wattage is the output of solar panelsthat is calculated by multiplying the volts by amps. Here, the amount of the force of the electricity is represented by volts. The aggregate amount of energy used is expressed i.
FAQs about How many watts of solar power can be generated in 50 000 square meters
What is solar panel watts per square meter (W/M)?
Solar panel watts per square meter (W/m) measures the power output of a solar panel based on its size. Compare solar panels to see which generates most electricity per square meter. A higher W/m value means a solar panel produces more power from a given area. This can help you determine how many solar panels you need for your energy needs.
How much electricity can a 10 square metre solar panel generate?
To put this into perspective, if you install 10 square metres of monocrystalline solar panels, you could generate up to 2,200 watts (2.2 kW) of electricity, sufficient to power basic household appliances. The solar panel price varies based on type, size, and efficiency.
How do you calculate solar panel output in watts per square meter?
The formula to calculate the solar panel output and how much energy solar panels produce (in watts) using watts per square meter is as follows: Solar Panel Output (W) = Watts per Square Meter (W/m²) × Area of Solar Panel (m²)
How much energy does a 100 watt solar panel produce?
The daily energy production of a 100-watt solar panel is influenced by the amount of sunlight it receives. On average, you can expect: Assuming 5 peak sun hours: 100W × 5 hours = 500 watt-hours (0.5 kWh) per day. In optimal conditions: The panel may produce up to 600-700 watt-hours (0.6-0.7 kWh) daily.
How much power does a 400W solar panel produce?
Optimal conditions: On a clear, sunny day, with the panel perfectly oriented towards the sun, a 400W panel might generate output close to its rated capacity. Typical conditions: Under average conditions, accounting for various influencing factors, you might expect an output between 320 to 360 watts during peak sunlight hours.
How much solar energy is produced per square meter?
The amount of solar energy produced in Kilowatt hours per square meter (kWh/m²) depends on the solar irradiance, which is the intensity of sunlight falling on a specific area. On a clear day with high solar irradiance, a square meter of efficient solar panels can generate around 150-250 watt-hours (Wh) of energy in an hour.
-
How many watts of emergency solar energy are needed
With proper planning, 39,500 watts daily is optimal. Solar or fuel generators are reliable backup options for apartments, ensuring key appliances operate effectively during crises.
FAQs about How many watts of emergency solar energy are needed
How many solar watts do I Need?
The number of solar watts you need will depend on the size of your home. To give you an idea, a 2,000 sq foot home uses an average of 32 kWh per day. For this type of household, a 5.8 kW solar system would be needed to generate enough energy to power the entire house. Solar panels are typically sized in kilowatts.
Should you invest in emergency solar power?
One way you can have a backup plan as an American citizen is to invest in an emergency solar power setup. This provides a means for you to harvest the sun's power to generate at least some of your own electricity, giving energy in potentially perilous times. But there are lots of options on the market, so how do you know what's worth getting?
How many kW of Solar do I Need?
The OC44 catamaran offers 3.2kW of solar power for the roof, along with electric propulsion, hydro regeneration, a carbon fiber mast, performance sails, and varnished, real wood interiors.
How do I use the energy consumption calculator?
Select an appliance from the list or enter one manually. If you select an appliance from the list, the calculator will estimate the power usage of the chosen appliance, and if the appliance operates on a duty cycle, the calculator will take that into consideration when calculating its energy consumption.
What are the best emergency solar companies?
Goal Zero is easily one of the most famous emergency solar companies out there. Within various ham radio forums I've frequented in the past, this company gets mentioned again and again. The Yeti 3000x is a big generator with 2,000 watt-hours.
How long does it take to recharge a solar battery?
As far as charging goes, like most emergency solar setups out there, you can either harvest sunlight or plug this directly into a wall outlet to recharge the battery bank. Recharging via solar does take a long time for this little guy, though. Depending on the weather, it can take up to 40 hours to completely recharge solely from solar.
-
How many watts is the best for solar street lights
These solar street lights are designed for residential areas, pathways, or small parks, and typically have a power consumption rate between 5 watts to 20 watts.
FAQs about How many watts is the best for solar street lights
How much wattage should a street light use?
Recommended Wattage for Solar Street Lights Based on Area & Pole Height LEDs with 150-200 lm/W efficiency require lower wattage for the same brightness, saving battery power. High-efficiency monocrystalline solar panels (≥18% efficiency) allow optimal wattage utilization.
What are the wattage requirements for solar street lights?
Factors Affecting Wattage Requirements for Solar Street Lights LED Efficiency (lm/W) Lower efficiency LEDs (100-120 lm/W) require more wattage for the same brightness. High-efficiency LEDs (150-200 lm/W) reduce power consumption while maintaining brightness. Pole Height & Light Distribution
How do I choose the best solar street light?
To choose the best solar street light, consider lumens per watt efficiency, battery capacity, solar panel quality, and installation environment. High-lumen LED chips, monocrystalline solar panels, MPPT charge controllers, and durable materials ensure long-lasting performance.
How to choose a solar-powered street lighting system?
Understanding the power consumption of a solar-powered street lighting system is the first step in determining the appropriate specifications. The total energy consumption depends on the wattage of the LED fixture and its operating hours per night. Higher-wattage lights require larger battery storage and solar panel capacity. 2.
How do I choose the right size for a solar LED street light?
Determining the right size for a solar LED street light system is vital for maintaining peak performance, maximizing energy efficiency, and ensuring long-term dependability. Proper sizing involves balancing power consumption, battery capacity, and solar panel efficiency to meet lighting requirements while considering environmental conditions.
How much wattage does a solar light need?
Higher wattage lights require larger solar panels (100W-300W) for adequate charging. Battery capacity should support 2-3 cloudy days for consistent operation. Motion Sensors & Dimming Features Smart solar lights with dimming reduce wattage during low-traffic hours, improving efficiency.
-
How to connect ordinary solar energy storage cabinets
This article provides a detailed guide on installing a solar battery cabinet, helping you complete the installation process smoothly and enjoy the benefits of clean energy. Before starting the installation, thorough preparation is essential to ensure a smooth process.
-
How to use outdoor solar energy without plugging in
There are seven main approaches you can take to light up your backyard without an electrical outlet — Solar lights, solar generators, LED candles, tiki torches, fire pits, and even glow-in-the-dark fixtures all help light an outdoor space while not using an ounce of electrical power.
FAQs about How to use outdoor solar energy without plugging in
Can you use solar power lights without an outlet?
If you have solar panels installed in your home, you can use them to outdoor power lights without an outlet. Place the lights on the solar panels and let the sun do its work! This is a great option for those who are looking for an environmentally-friendly way to light up their yard.
Can You Power outdoor lights without an outlet?
Yes, there are several other ways that you can power outdoor lights without an outlet. Solar-powered lights require no external wiring, and they come in a variety of styles. You can also use a battery-powered LED light or even connect your light sources directly to the main electrical system.
How to light up an outdoor area without wiring?
Another way to light up an outdoor area without wiring or an indoor outlet is to use battery-powered lights. These lights are also very easy installation process and require no extra wiring or electrical work. Just attach the lights, insert replaceable batteries, and you're good to go! 3. Wind-Powered Lights
What are the best outdoor lights without a power outlet?
Wind-powered lights are a great option for outdoor lighting without power outlet and can be quite cost-effective in the long run. These lights use wind power to charge up and will stay lit throughout the night. All you need is a good breeze! 4. Generator Lights
Should I use a solar power source if there is no outlet?
If you need an outdoor power source but there is no accessible electrical outlet to plug into, then you may consider using alternative power sources such as solar panels or generators: 1. Portable Generators Portable generators are an invaluable tool for getting power outside when a conventional outlet is not available.
How to power outdoor rope lights without an outlet?
If you have access to a generator, then using it to power an inverter is another great way to provide your outdoor lighting needs without relying on an outlet. Just connect the generator to the inverter, and you can provide enough power light up your outdoor area. These are some of the best ways to power your outdoor rope lights without an outlet.
-
How much is 5 megawatts of solar energy
But if we consider the average price of a 5 MW solar plant, it would typically fall in the range of ₹36-39/watt. So, your total system cost can be anywhere between ₹18-₹19.
FAQs about How much is 5 megawatts of solar energy
How many solar panels are needed for a 1 megawatt solar farm?
To produce 1 Megawatt of power, approximately 3,000 to 4,000 solar panels are needed, depending on their output and local sunlight conditions. A standard solar panel usually generates between 250 to 400 watts. For instance, using 400-watt panels would require around 2,500 panels to reach 1 Megawatt capacity. How Big is a 1 Megawatt Solar Farm?
How many megawatts does a solar plant produce?
A megawatt signifies one million watts, requiring roughly 3, 000 to 4, 000 solar panels to generate 1 MW, influenced by panel output and sunlight availability. If a plant produced daily power year-round, it would yield 5, 098, 320 MWh, though most do not operate at full capacity consistently.
How big is a 5 MW solar farm?
But how big is a solar farm with 5 megawatts? The number of solar panels in a 5 megawatt (MW) solar farm normally ranges from 15,000 to 25,000, depending on the efficiency of the panels and the size of the land. A 5 MW solar farm needs between 45 and 75 acres of land since a typical solar panel is 65 inches x 39 inches.
How many homes can a megawatt of solar power power?
According to one source, on average, 1 megawatt of solar power generates enough electricity to power 164 U.S. homes.3 So, 100 megawatts of solar power can power 16,400 U.S. homes. A single megawatt-hour can power the following:
How many homes can a 5 MW solar farm power?
Depending on the location and the energy use of the residences, one MW of solar energy can produce enough electricity to power 200 to 300 dwellings. Consequently, 1,000 to 1,500 households might possibly be powered by a 5 MW solar farm.
How much energy does a solar panel produce?
The energy produced from 1 megawatt (MW) of solar power varies greatly depending on the location and amount of sunlight. A US national average can be calculated using capacity factor data from the solar panel industry. Household solar panel systems are typically up to 4kWp in size, producing kilowatt peak output.
-
How big a solar panel is suitable for a motorhome
What is the best size solar panel for a motorhome? The best size solar panel for a motorhome will depend on various factors, including the size and type of your RV, the amount of sunlight it receives, and your power needs.
FAQs about How big a solar panel is suitable for a motorhome
What size solar panel do I need for my motorhome?
The best size solar panel for your motorhome depends on factors like your RV's size, sunlight exposure, and power needs. A 100-watt solar panel should be sufficient for a smaller RV. Generally, larger RVs require larger solar panels.
How many solar panels should a campervan have?
The ideal solar panel configuration depends on the size of your campervan and your power needs. For small campervans with limited roof space and minimal power requirements, consider using one or two 100-150 watt monocrystalline or polycrystalline solar panels.
Are solar panels good for a motorhome?
Solar panels are ideal for motorhome owners as they keep your leisure battery topped up in summer. They also provide power for low-draw devices, such as alarms and trackers, when a 'van's in storage for months. They're a boon for o ff-gridders too, providing enough current to keep your leisure battery charged when you have no hook-up.
What factors affect the solar panel size needed for an RV?
The solar panel size you need for your RV depends on a few factors: how much power your RV needs, your budget, the size and shape of the RV, how you plan to use the solar panel, and how much sunlight you get where you're parked. You also need to know the wattage of your RV.
Do I need a solar panel for my RV?
Yes, you will need a solar panel for your RV. The size depends on the RV's size and the sunlight conditions. A 100-watt solar panel should be sufficient for smaller RVs, while larger motorhomes may require a 200- or even 300-watt solar panel.
What size wire do RV solar panels need?
The wire size you need for your RV solar panel depends on the wattage of your solar panels and the amount of current your RV can handle. Most RV users recommend using 10-gauge wire for up to 150 watts of solar power, and 8-gage wire for up to 300 watts.
-
How much does 7 5 kilowatts of solar energy cost
On average, going solar costs between $15,000-$25,000 based on data from the SEIA and our survey of 2,000 homeowners. Get a customized estimate of the cost and savings you could get by going solar.
FAQs about How much does 7 5 kilowatts of solar energy cost
How much does a 7.5kw Solar System cost?
The cost of 7.5kW solar power systems varies. On the lower end, you might expect to get Chinese inverters such as Sungrow, Growatt, JFY, Goodwe etc. and Chinese (lower-tier) panels such as Hannover, Munsterland, ZN Shine etc. You might expect to pay $8,600.00 for such a system.
Is a 7 kilowatt Solar System a good size?
If you're looking to install solar panels on your roof, a 7-kilowatt (kW) solar energy system can be the right size to significantly reduce your electricity costs. Want to know the best way to ensure you're getting the right price for your solar panel installation and maximizing your long-term savings?
How much electricity does a 7 kW solar system produce?
The table below shows estimated average electricity production numbers for 7 kW solar energy systems in cities across the United States. As a comparison, the average U.S. household uses 893 kilowatt-hours (kWh) a month, a total of 10,715 kWh per year. We used PV Watts, a National Renewable Energy Laboratory tool, to develop these estimates.
How much does a solar power system cost?
On the higher end of the spectrum you might be looking at a premium, European inverter like SMA, ABB, Fronius etc. and a tier 1 panel like SUNPOWER, TRINA, WINAICO etc. You might expect to pay $13,100.00 for this type of 7.5kW solar power system.
How much do solar panels cost per watt?
The average cost per watt for solar panels in the U.S. is $2.84 for residential systems. High-efficiency monocrystalline panels tend to be at the higher end of the price range, but they generate more power with fewer panels—ideal if you have limited roof space.
How much does solar power cost in 2025?
Take control of your energy costs with solar power. Solar panels generate “free” electricity, but installing a system still costs money. A typical American household needs a 10-kilowatt (kW) system to adequately power their home, which costs $28,241 in 2025.
-
Assembly of 24 watts of solar energy
Site assessment, surveying & solar energy resource assessment: Since the output generated by the PV system varies significantly depending on the time and geographical location it becomes of utmost i.
FAQs about Assembly of 24 watts of solar energy
What is solar panel output calculator?
The Solar Panel Output Calculator is a powerful tool for estimating the potential energy production of your solar panel system. By accurately inputting your system's details, you can plan better and make informed decisions regarding your solar energy usage and potential savings. What is Solar Panel Output?
What is a solar panel kWh calculator?
Solar Panel kWh Calculator: kWh Production Per Day, Month, Year – The Green Watt: The Green Watt focuses on renewable energy topics, offering tools and calculators that empower users to estimate solar energy production.
How many solar panels rated for 160W?
Total WPeak of PV panel capacity = 3000 / 3.2 (PFG) = 931 WPeak Now, the required number of PV panels are = 931 / 160W = 5.8. This way, we need 6 numbers of solar panels each rated for 160W. You can find the exact number of solar panels by dividing the WPeak by other rating i.e. 100W, 120W 150W etc based on the availability.
How to plan a solar power system?
Routes: Possible routes for the cables from an inverter, battery bank, charge controller, and PV array must be planned in a way that would have minimum utilization of cables and lower voltage drop in cables. The designer should choose between the efficiency and the cost of the system.
How to calculate battery capacity of solar panel?
You can get the exact number of batteries by dividing the required capacity of batteries in Ampere-hour by the available battery Ah rating. Required Number of batteries = Required capacity of batteries in Ampere-hour / Available battery Ah rating The charge controller should be 125% (or 25% greater) than the solar panel short circuit current.
How to choose a solar energy system?
The designer should choose between the efficiency and the cost of the system. To estimate the output power the solar energy assessment of the selected site is of foremost significance. Insolation is defined as the measure of the sun's energy received in a specified area over a period of time.
-
Solar 50 watts power
in specs normally there are a few things to consider, Max power output (Watts), Optimum operating voltage (Vmp), optimum operating current (Imp), operating temperature, and weight To give you an idea, I'm going to share the Renogy 50-watt monocrystalline solar panel specification. 1. In the real world, on average, a 50-watt solar panel will produce about 200 watts of DC power output or 16 amps @ 12 volts per day. Considering 5 hours of peak sunlight. There are different factors that determine the power output from the solar panels, like weather. As we have calculated the amount of power we can get from a 50W solar panel in a day, let's discusswhat you can run with this amount of. a 12v 50W solar panel can charge any 12v battery. but I would recommend a50Ah deep cycle battery lead-acid battery with 50 watt solar panel. Watch this video to know the difference between DC and AC power To run the AC appliances from solar power you'll need an inverter. Which will convert the lower voltage DC into AC power. For 50 watt solar panel, I would recommend a 500 watt inverter. which.
[PDF Version]
FAQs about Solar 50 watts power
What is a 50 watt solar panel?
A 50-watt solar panel is a solar photovoltaic (PV) panel designed to generate electrical energy from sunlight. These panels are relatively small and often used when only a modest amount of power is needed. As a comparison, businesses or large residential homes prefer to install 600-watt solar panels to meet their electricity needs.
Can a 50 watt solar panel run a battery?
A decent battery to pair with a 50 watt solar power system is a deep cycle batter that has a minimum capacity of around 20Ah to 40Ah. What can I run on a 50W solar panel? A 50-watt solar panel is sufficient for all your small electronic devices. With the help of these panels you can easily run your lights, small fans, phones, tablets, and cameras.
Are 50 watt solar panels a good investment?
As an owner, you cannot sustain the needs of a whole home or business site with 50-watt solar panels. Instead, you might be looking to power specific appliances around the home or utilise the panels for off-grid experiences like solar panels for camping or pool solar panels.
How efficient is a 50 watt solar panel?
If a 50-watt solar panel has an efficiency rating of 15%, it can convert 15% of the sunlight it receives into usable electrical power. The average efficiency rating of solar panels hovers between 12% – 20%. The following factors can affect the performance of solar panels:
How much energy does a 50 watt solar panel generate?
A 50-watt solar panel generates around 275 Wh (50 W x 5.5 hrs) of energy on average daily.
What is a 50W solar panel used for?
Residential Applications: A 50w solar panel can be used to power fans, lights, and other small appliances in homes providing energy savings and reducing the dependence on the electrical grid.
-
How many volts should a 600 watt solar panel have
Most solar panels have a voltage of around 18 volts, but some panels can have a voltage of up to 36 volts. The second factor is the amperage of your solar panel.
FAQs about How many volts should a 600 watt solar panel have
How many volts does a solar panel produce?
Open circuit 20.88V voltage is the voltage that comes directly from the 36-cell solar panel. When we are asking how many volts do solar panels produce, we usually have this voltage in mind. For maximum power voltage (Vmp), you can read a good explanation of what it is on the PV Education website.
What is a 600 watt solar panel?
What are 600 Watt solar panels? A 600-watt solar panel is a solar photovoltaic (PV) panel designed to generate usable electricity from sunlight. The wattage is used to measure its efficiency in power output capacity. Hence, the higher the wattage, the higher the output.
How much space does a 600 watt solar panel need?
A 600-watt solar panel typically requires approximately 30-40 square feet of roof space and 60-80 square feet for ground-mounted installations. With roof-mounted solar panels, utilizing roof mounts such as flush mounts or tilt mounts ensures your panels are secure. Meanwhile, ground-mounted systems may involve fixed-tilt racks or tracking systems.
How many batteries do I need for 600 watt solar panels?
The number of batteries you will need for 600-watt solar panels depends on how much power you need during hours without sunlight. For example, if you wanted to store enough energy to power a 600-watt load for 24 hours, you would need to calculate the watt-hours requirement. It would look like this: 600 watts x 24 hours = 14,400 watt-hours
What is voltage output from a solar panel?
Voltage output directly from solar panels can be significantly higher than the voltage from the controller to the battery. Maximum Power Voltage (Vmp). The is the voltage when the solar panel produces its maximum power output; we have the maximum power voltage and current here. Here is the setup of a solar panel:
Does a 600W solar panel need a charge controller?
A 600W solar panel will require a charge controller that can handle at least 30 amps. The controller will also need to be able to handle the voltage of your solar panel. When choosing a charge controller, it's important to select one with features that meet your needs. Some charge controllers come with features like LCD displays and USB ports.
-
How many square meters does 20 kilowatts of solar energy take
For a standard 20kW solar panel installation, the approximate area required is around 120 to 150 square meters, depending on the efficiency and type of panels used. The size of individual solar panels typically ranges from 1.
-
How to check the battery when the inverter of solar container communication station is connected to the grid
Look for a screen light or status LED on the inverter/battery. If blank, check the solar/battery switches & the relevant circuit breaker in the switchboard.
-
Can solar panels with the same v but different watts be connected in parallel
As we said above, when connecting solar panels in series, we get an increased wattage in combination with a higher voltage. Such 'higher voltage' means that series connection is more often applied in grid-tied solar systemswhere: 1) the system voltage is often at least 24 volts, and 2) the solar. Here is a series connection of solar panels of different voltage ratings and the same current rating: You can see that if one of the solar panels has a lower voltage rating (and the same current rating) compared to the remaining panels, the output power is lower than in the. The next basic type of connecting solar panels is in parallel. Connecting solar panels in parallel is just the opposite of series connection and is used to increase the total output. A combination of series and parallel connection is also possible. Indeed, this depends on the maximum possible total output voltage and maximum possible total output current of the. Here is a parallel connection of solar panels of different voltage ratings and the same current rating: As you can see, things are getting worse, since the total voltage of the array.
[PDF Version]
FAQs about Can solar panels with the same v but different watts be connected in parallel
Can you connect solar panels with different Watts in parallel?
You can connect solar panels with different watts in parallel if they have similar voltages. You can connect solar panels with different voltages in series if they have similar amps. If you connect mismatched solar panels without matching the amps or voltages, performance is going to suffer.
Can solar panels be wired in parallel vs series?
Before we talk about mixing solar panel sizes, lets have a refresher for some, or a crash course for others on how wiring solar panels in parallel vs series affects their voltage and amperage. Wiring solar panels in series adds their voltages while their amperages stay the same.
Can solar panels of different Watts be used together?
Solar panels of different watts should not be used together because they have different voltages and amps. The system will always choose the lowest voltage or amp, which will reduce efficiency and power output. First we need to explain how solar panels are connected and how it affects the voltage and amperage (current).
What happens if a solar panel is connected in series?
Mismatched solar panels connected in series will add the voltages. It will choose the lowest amp among the panels. You can connect solar panels with different watts in parallel if they have similar voltages. You can connect solar panels with different voltages in series if they have similar amps.
What happens if you connect solar panels in parallel?
When you connect solar panels in parallel, the total output voltage of the solar array is the same as the voltage of a single panel, while the total output current is a sum of the currents passing through each panel. The latter is only valid provided that the panels connected are of the same type and power rating.
Can you mix different wattage solar panels?
Then yes, you can mix solar panels that have different wattages. But it is not usually advised because mixing different wattage panels reduces the efficiency and power output. Wattage Mixing Reduces Efficiency and Power A variety of wattage panels has different voltage and amps outputs.